CHALMERS, R. A.; CLEMENTS, G.; SCHENKLUHN, H.; and WEINLESS, M., eds.Scientific research on Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhiprogram: Collected papers, vol. 3. Vlodrop, the Netherlands: MVU Press,1989.
The Studies in the First Two Sections Document Changes during the Practiceof the Transcendental Meditation Technique Unless Otherwise Stated.
A: Metabolic, Biochemical, and Cardiovascular Changes
190. JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; and DAVIDSON, J. M. Adrenocortical activityduring meditation. Hormones and Behavior 10(1): 54-60, 1978.
Reduction in Biochemical Index of Stress: Decreased Plasma Cortisol Levels.
191. JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; and SMITH, W. R. The TranscendentalMeditation technique, adrenocortical activity, and implications for stress.Experientia 34: 618-619, 1978.
Reduction in Biochemical Index of Stress: Decreased Plasma Cortisol Levels.
192. JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; and VANDER LAAN, E. F. Plasma prolactinand growth hormone during meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine 40(4):329-333, 1978.
Change in Hormonal Balance: Small Increase in Plasma Prolactin Levelsfollowing Transcendental Meditation.
193. BAUHOFER, U. Die kreislaufphysiologischen Auswirkungen bei der TranszendentalenMeditation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Medicine, Universityof Würzburg, Würzburg, W. Germanv. 1978.
Changes in Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume.
194. JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; SMITH, W. R.; and MORTON, M. E. Redistributionof blood flow in acute hypometabolic behavior. American Journal of Physiology235(1): R89-R92, 1978.
Changes in Regional Blood Flow and Cardiac Output Indicative of IncreasedBlood Flow to the Brain. Reduction in Biochemical Index of Stress: DecreasedArterial Lactate Levels. Indication of Deep Rest: Decreased RespiratoryMinute Volume.
195. JEVNING, R., and WILSON, A. F. Behavioral increase of cerebral bloodflow. The Physiologist 21: 60 (Abstract), 1978.
Large Increase in Blood Flow to the Brain.
196. ARNHOLD, E.; CHARLES, B. M.; GANDHI, J. S.; BRAGG, M. C.; and RIGBY,B. P. Endocrinological changes following instruction in the TM-Sidhi program.In XIVth International Congress of Internal Medicine Abstracts, Rome,Italy, October 1978, p. 363. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.
Changes in Hormonal Balance as a Result of the TM-Sidhi Program: Short-and Long-Term Changes in Pituitary Hormone Levels Indicative of IncreasedSensitivity in Endocrine Control Systems.
197. SEVEREIDE, C. J. Physiological and phenomenological aspects of TranscendentalMeditation. Master's thesis (abbr.), Department of Psychology, Universityof Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway, 1979.
Experience of Pure Consciousness Associated with: Marked Reductions inRespiration and Heart Rates; Periodic Breath Suspension; Absence of SpontaneousSkin Resistance Responses. Maintenance of Relaxed Style of PhysiologicalFunctioning Outside of Meditation: Fewer Spontaneous Skin Resistance Responses.
198. LANG, R.; DEHOF, K.; MEURER, K. A.; and KAUFMANN, W. Sympatheticactivity and Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Neural Transmission44: 117-135, 1979.
Integration of Opposite Styles of Physiological Functioning: SimultaneousIncreased Activity of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Branches of AutonomicNervous System.
199. BEVAN, A. J. W.; SYMONS, R. G.; BENG, C. G.; and WELLBY, M. L. Short-termendocrine changes in Transcendental Meditation. Proceedings of the EndocrineSociety of Australia 2 (Abstract 56), 1979.
Changes in Hormonal Balance: Decreased Serum Growth Hormone Levels.
200. BEVAN, A. J. W. Endocrine changes in Transcendental Meditation.Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 7: 75-76 (Abstract),1980.
Biochemical Indications of Reduced Stress: Decreased Serum Growth HormoneLevels; Decreased Serum Cortisol Levels; Decreased Serum TriiodothyronineLevels.
201. ROBERTSON, D. W., and PETERSON, J. W. Change in cardiac output duringTranscendental Meditation as measured by noninvasive impedance plethysmography.Departments of Physical Education and Biomedical Engineering, Universityof Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, U.S.A., 1980.
Changes in Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume.
202. SUBRAHMANYAM, S., and PORKODI, K. Neurohumoral correlates of TranscendentalMeditation. Journal of Biomedicine 1: 73-88, 1980.
Changes in Biochemical and Hormonal Balance outside the Practice of TranscendentalMeditation: Decreased Levels of Catecholamine and Steroid Metabolites; DecreasedPlasma Cortisol Levels. Improved Cardiovascular Health: Decreased SerumCholesterol Levels. Benefits for Patients with Aggressive Behavior, MentalRetardation, and Epilepsy: Normalization of Neurotransmitter MetaboliteLevels, Plasma Cortisol Levels, and EEG Features; Decreased Aggression inAggressive Patients; Improved IQ and Cognitive Functioning in Mentally RetardedSubjects; Reduction of Frequency and Severity of Epileptic Seizures in EpilepticPatients.
203. JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; and PIRKLE, H. C. Behavioral controlof red blood cell metabolism. Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Pathology,University of California at Irvine, Orange, California, U.S.A., 1981.
Fundamental Change in Cellular Metabolism: Reduced Glucose Metabolismin Red Blood Cells.
204. WALTON, K. G.; LEROM, M.; SALERNO, J.; and WALLACE, R. K. Practiceof the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi program may affect thecircadian rhythm of urinary 5-hydroxyindole excretion. Society for NeuroscienceAbstracts 7: 48, 1981.
Changes in Serotonergic Activity: Increased Urinary 5-Hydroxyindole Excretion.
205. FARROW, J. T., and, Hebert J. R. Breath suspension during the TranscendentalMeditation technique. Psychosomatic Medicine 44(2):133-153, 1982.
Experience of Pure Consciousness Associated with: Periodic Breath Suspension;Marked Reductions in Metabolic Rate (Oxygen Consumption and Carbon DioxideElimination), Mean Respiration Rate, and Minute Ventilation Rate; ReducedHeart Rate; Increased Basal Skin Resistance; Stable Phasic Skin Resistance;Increased EEG Coherence in Theta, Alpha and Beta Bands.
206. WERNER, O.; WALLACE, R. K.; CHARLES, B.; JANSSEN, G.; and CHALMERS,R. Endocrine balance and the TM-Sidhi program. Maharishi European ResearchUniversity, Seelisberg, Switzerland, and Department of Biology, MaharishiInternational University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1982.
Changes in Hormonal Balance as a Result of the TM-Sidhi Program: Short-and Long-Term Changes in Pituitary Hormone Levels Indicative of IncreasedStability and Sensitivity in Endocrine Control Systems.
207. JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; and O'HALLORAN, J. P. Muscle and skinblood flow and metabolism during states of decreased activation. Physiology& Behavior 29(2): 343-348, 1982.
Indication of Deep Rest: Decreased Oxygen Consumption in Muscle Tissue.
208. O'HALLORAN, J. P.; JEVNING, R. A.; WILSON, A. F.; SKOWSKY, R.; andALEXANDER, C. N. Behaviorally induced secretion of arginine vasopressin.Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California at Irvine,Orange, California, U.S.A.; Department of Endocrinology, Long Beach Veteran'sAdministration Hospital, Long Beach, California, U.S.A.; and Departmentof Psychology and Social Relations, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,U.S.A., 1983.
Changes in Hormonal Balance: Increased Plasma Vasopressin Levels at RegularTwice Daily Practice of Transcendental Meditation. Indication of Deep Rest:Increased Basal Skin Resistance. Lower State and Trait Anxiety.
B: Electrophysiological and Electroencephalographic Changes
209. KEMMERLING, T. Wirkung der Transzendentalen Meditation auf den Muskeltonus.Psychopathometrie 4: 437-438, 1978.
Electromyographic Evidence of Deep Muscular Relaxation.
210. ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. EEG coherence and the TM-Sidhi program. MaharishiInternational University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A. Abstract presented atthe American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 28 August1978.
Increased Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning as a Resultof the TM-Sidhi Program: Longitudinal Increases in Interhemispheric EEGCoherence.
211. ROUZERÉ, A.-M.; BADAWI, K.; and HARTMANN, R. High amplitudefronto-central alpha and theta activity during the Transcendental Meditationtechnique. Department of Neurophysiology, Maharishi European Research University,Seelisberg, Switzerland, 1979.
Increased Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning: Bursts ofHigh Amplitude EEG Alpha and Theta Activity in Frontal and Central Regions.
212. CHENARD, J.-R. A controlled study of the influence of TranscendentalMeditation on a specific value of the H-reflex (Hoffman reflex) recruitmentcurve and the surface EMG. Centre d'études universitaires dans l'OuestQuébécois, University of Quebec, Rouyn, Quebec, Canada, 1979.
Electromyographic Evidence of Deep Muscular Relaxation; Reduction inAmplitude of H-Reflex .
213. BADAWI, K.; WALLACE, R. K.; ORME-JOHNSON, D.; and ROUZERÉ,A.-M. Electrophysiologic characteristics of respiratory suspension periodsoccurring during the practice of the Transcendental Meditation program.Psychosomatic Medicine 46(3): 267-276, 1984.
Experience of Pure Consciousness Associated with Periodic Breath Suspensionand High EEG Coherence.
214. MCEVOY, T. M.; FRUMKlN, L. R.; and HARKINS, S. W. Effects of meditationon brainstem auditory evoked potentials. International Journal of Neuroscience10: 165-170, 1980.
Changes in Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials following the TranscendentalMeditation and TM-Sidhi Program Suggesting Improved Processing of AuditoryInformation.
215. ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; WALLACE, R. K.; and DILLBECK, M. C. Longitudinaleffects of the TM-Sidhi program on EEG phase coherence. Departments of Psychologyand Biology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.,1980.
Increased Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning as a Resultof the TM-Sidhi Program: Longitudinal Increases in EEG Alpha and Theta Coherence.
216. ORME-JOHNSON, D. W., and HAYNES, C. T. EEG phase coherence, pureconsciousness, creativity, and TM-Sidhi experiences. International Journalof Neuroscience 13: 211-217, 1981.
Clear Experiences of Pure Consciousness and TM-Sidhis Correlated withHigher Frontal EEG Alpha Coherence and Greater Creativity.
217. DILLBECK, M. C., and BRONSON, E. C. Short-term longitudinal effectsof the Transcendental Meditation technique on EEG power and coherence. InternationalJournal of Neuroscience 14: 147-151, 1981.
Increased Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning: LongitudinalIncrease in Frontal EEG Alpha Coherence.
218. ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. Does the nervous system have a ground state?A description of high EEG coherence events in a single subject. Departmentof Psychology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.,1981.
Experience of Pure Consciousness Associated with Overall High EEG Coherence.
219. DILLBECK, M. C.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and WALLACE, R. K. FrontalEEG coherence, H-reflex recovery, concept learning, and the TM-Sidhi program.International Journal of Neuroscience 15: 151-157, 1981.
Improved Efficiency of Concept Learning as a Result of the TM-Sidhi Program;Correlations between High Frontal EEG Alpha and Theta Coherence, GreaterNeurological Efficiency (Faster H-Reflex Recovery), and Greater Flexibilityof Concept Learning.
220. ALEXANDER, C. N., and LARIMORE, W. E. Distinguishing between TranscendentalMeditation and sleep according to electrophysiological criteria. Departmentof Psychology and Social Relations, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,U.S.A., and The Analytic Sciences Corporation, Reading, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,1981.
EEG Differentiation between Transcendental Meditation and Napping.
221. NIDICH, S. I.; ABRAMS, A.; JONES, C.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and WALLACE,R. K. Neurophysiological entry characteristics: Correlation between EEGcoherence and math achievement with subjects practicing the TM program.Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1981.
High Frontal EEG Alpha Coherence Correlated with Superior Performancein Mathematics.
222. ORME-JOHNSON, D.W.; DILLBECK, M. C.; WALLACE, R. K.; and LANDRITHIII, G. S. Intersubject EEG coherence: Is consciousness a field? InternationalJournal of Neuroscience 16: 203-209, 1982.
Physiological Correlate of Increased Coherence in Collective Consciousness:Increased Intersubject EEG Coherence Due to Long-Range Influence of GroupPractice of the TM-Sidhi Program.
223. NIDICH, S. I.; RYNCARZ, R. A.; ABRAMS, A. I.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.;and WALLACE, R. K. Kohlbergian cosmic perspective responses, EEG coherence,and the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Journal of MoralEducation 12(3): 166-173, 1983.
High Frontal Alpha EEG Coherence Correlated with High Levels of PrincipledMoral Reasoning and Unified Cosmic Perspective on Life.
224. BERESFORD, M., and CLEMENTS, G. Real time EEG coherence analysisof the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Department of Neurophysiology,MERU Research Institute, Mentmore, Buckinghamshire, England, 1983.
Increased Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning: IncreasedEEG Coherence in Alpha, Theta, and Beta Bands; Further Increases duringthe TM-Sidhi Program.
225. BERESFORD, M.; JEDRCZAK, A.; TOOMEY, M.; and CLEMENTS, G. EEG coherence,age-related psychological variables, and the Transcendental Meditation andTM-Sidhi program. Departments of Neurophysiology and Psychology, MERU ResearchInstitute, Mentmore, Buckinghamshire, England, 1983.
Correlations between High EEG Coherence and Superior Performance on Age-RelatedPsychological Variables: Fluency; Motor Speed; Reaction Time; Shape Memory;Flexibility. Length of Time Practicing TM-Sidhi Program Predictive of HigherMean Right Alpha Coherence.
The Studies in the Following Sections Document Changes outside the Practiceof the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program.
C: Physiological Efficiency and Stability
226. MILLS, P. J., and WALLACE, R. K. The effect of the TranscendentalMeditation and TM-Sidhi program on the paired Hoffman reflex. Departmentof Biology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.,1978.
Enhanced Neurological Efficiency as a Result of the TM-Sidhi Program:Facilitation of the Paired H-Reflex.
227. WARSHAL, D. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique onnormal and Jendrassik reflex time. Perceptual and Motor Skills 50:1103-1106, 1980.
Enhanced Neuromuscular Efficiency: Decreased Reflex Latency and ReflexMotor Time.
228. MILLS, W. W., and FARROW, J. T. The Transcendental Meditation techniqueand acute experimental pain. Psychosomatic Medicine 43(2): 157-164,1981.
Reduced Pain-Related Distress.
229. WALLACE, R. K.; MILLS, P. J.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; DILLBECK, M.C.; and JACOBE, E. Modification of the paired H reflex through the TranscendentalMeditation and TM-Sidhi program. Experimental Neurology 79: 77-86,1983.
Enhanced Neurological Efficiency as a Result of the TM-Sidhi Program:Facilitation of the Paired H-Reflex.
230. WALLACE, R. K.; MILLS, P. J.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; DILLBECK, M.C.; and JACOBE, E. The paired H reflex and its correlation with EEG coherenceand academic performance in normal subjects practicing meditation. Societyfor Neuroscience Abstracts 8: 537, 1982.
Correlations between High EEG Coherence, Enhanced Neurological Efficiency(Paired H-Reflex Recovery), and Superior Academic Performance.
231. WALLACE, R. K.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; MILLS, P. J.; DILLBECK, M.C.; and JACOBE, E. The relationship between the paired Hoffman reflex andacademic achievement in participants of the Transcendental Meditation (TM)program. Departments of Biology and Psychology, Maharishi InternationalUniversity, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1980.
Enhanced Neurological Efficiency (Paired H-Reflex Recovery) Correlatedwith Superior Academic Performance.
D: Health
232. GRÄF, D., and PFISTERER, G. Der Nutzen der Technik der TranszendentalenMeditation für die ärztliche Praxis. Erfahrungsheilkunde 9:594-596, 1978.
Case History of Benefits for Patient Recovering from Severe Illness,Including Severe Bronchial Asthma and Heart Disease.
233. COOPER, M. J., and AYGEN, M. M. Effect of Transcendental Meditationon serum cholesterol and blood pressure. Findings previously published inHarefuah, the Journal of the Israel Medical Association, 95(1): 1-2,1978.
Improved Cardiovascular Health: Decreased Serum Cholesterol Levels inNormal and Hypercholesterolaemic Patients; Reduction of Blood Pressure toMore Ideal Levels in Normotensive Subjects.
234. HEIDELBERG, R. Transzendentale Meditation in der geburtshilflichenPsychoprophylaxe. Doctoral dissertation (abbr.), Medical Faculty, Free Universityof Berlin, West Berlin, W. Germany, 1979.
Better Health for Mother and Child during Pregnancy and Childbirth: FewerMedical Complaints during Pregnancy; Less Pain and Anxiety during Pregnancyand Childbirth; Shorter Duration of Labour; Lower Frequency of Vacuum orForceps Delivery and Other Operative Interventions during Labour; GreaterFrequency and Longer Duration of Breast-Feeding.
235. AGARWAL, B. L., and KHARBANDA, A. Effect of Transcendental Meditationon mild and moderate hypertension. Postgraduate Department of Medicine,M.L.N. Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Paper presentedat the VIIth Asian-Pacific Congress on Cardiology, Bangkok, Thailand, November1979.
Improved Cardiovascular Health: Decreased Blood Pressure in Patientswith Mild and Moderate Hypertension.
236. COOPER, M. J., and AYGEN, M. M. Transcendental Meditation in themanagement of hypercholesterolemia. Journal of Human Stress 5(4):24-27, 1979.
Improved Cardiovascular Health: Long-Term Reductions in Serum Cholesterolin Hypercholesterolaemic Patients.
237. SEILER, G., and SEILER, V. The effects of Transcendental Meditationon periodontal tissue. Journal of the American Society of PsychosomaticDentistry and Medicine 26(1): 8-12, 1979.
Better Periodontal Health.
238. KIRTANE, L. Transcendental Meditation: A multipurpose tool in clinicalpractice. General medical practice, Poona, Maharashtra, India, 1980.
Benefits in General Medical Practice: Improvements in General Healthand in a Wide Variety of Physical and Mental Disorders Including Hypertension;Angina Pectoris; Bronchial Asthma; Chronic Bronchitis; Diabetes Mellitus;Menorrhagia; Periodontal Inflammation; Recurrent Upper Respiratory Infections;Allergic Rhinitis; Chronic Back Pain; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Dyspepsia; ChronicColitis; Insomnia; Chronic Headaches; Anxiety; Depression; Fatigue; Obesity.Decreased Need for Tranquilizers, Sleep Medications, Anti-Asthmatics, Anti-Hypertensives,and Drugs for Hypertension, Asthma, and Heart Disease. Increased Cooperationwith Medical Advice. Recovery from Major Illness, Chronic Musculo-SkeletalComplaints.
239. FARINELLI, L. Possibilità di applicazioni della tecnologiadella coscienza in aspetti di medicina preventiva: Una ricerca pilota. Unpublisheddoctoral dissertation (abbr.), Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universityof Padova at Verona, Verona, Italy, 1981.
Multiple Improvements in Physical and Mental Health: Fewer InfectiousDiseases; Better Health of the Respiratory and Digestive Systems; Less Eczemaand Fewer Allergic Reactions; Less Depression; Greater Self-Actualization;Greater Self-Esteem; Better Social Relationships; Less Nervousness; LessInsomnia; Lower Use of Tranquilizers, Sleep Medication, and Analgesics;Fewer Accidents; Lower Usage of Cigarettes, Alcohol, Non-Prescribed Drugs,and Coffee.
240. YEE, A. C., and DISSANAYAKE, A. S. Glucose tolerance and the TranscendentalMeditation program (a pilot study). MERU Research Institute, Singapore,and Department of Physiology, University of Singapore, Singapore. Paperpresented at the International Congress on Research on Higher States ofConsciousness at the Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,4-6 December 1980.
Improved Blood Sugar Homeostasis as Measured by Oral Glucose ToleranceTest.
241. OVERBECK, K.-D. Auswirkungen der Technik der Transzendentalen Meditation(TM) auf die psychische und psychosomatische Befindlichkeit. Psychotherapie-PsychosomatikMedizinische Psychologie 32(6): 188-192, 1982.
Decreased Psychosomatic Complaints; Decreased Musculo-skeletal Complaints;Decreased Limitations Caused by Physical and General Ailments; IncreasedEfficiency; Increased Emotional Stability; Decreased Use of Medicines andNon-Prescribed Drugs; Decreased Over-Sensitivity.
242. WALLACE, R. K.; DILLBECK, M.; JACOBE, E.; and HARRINGTON, B. Theeffects of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program on the agingprocess. International Journal of Neuroscience 16: 53-58, 1982.
Reversal of Biological Aging: Younger Biological Age Compared with ControlSubjects and Population Norms. Length of Time Practicing TranscendentalMeditation Associated with Reduction in Biological Age.
243. LOVELL-SMlTH, H. D. Transcendental Meditation--treating the patientas well as the disease. The New Zealand Family Physician 9: 62-65,April 1982.
Case History Illustrating Holistic Improvements in Physical and MentalHealth Including Relief from Insomnia; Decreased Anxiety; Decreased Needfor Tranquillizers; Fewer Headaches; Increased Enjoyment of Life, and IncreasedEfficiency.
244. WALLACE, R. K.; SILVER, J.; MILLS, P. J.; DILLBECK, M. C.; and WAGONER,D. E. Systolic blood pressure and long-term practice of the TranscendentalMeditation and TM-Sidhi program: Effects of TM on systolic blood pressure.Psychosomatic Medicine 45(1): 41-46, 1983.
Improved Cardiovascular Health: Lower Systolic Blood Pressure Comparedto Norms for Age; Effect More Pronounced in Long-Term Meditators.
245. TOOMEY, M.; PENNINGTON, B.; CHALMERS, R.; and CLEMENTS, G. The practiceof the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program reverses the physiologicalageing process. MERU Research Institute, Mentmore, Buckinghamshire, England,and Department of Biology, University of York, Yorkshire, England, 1982.
Reversal of Biological Aging: Younger Biological Age Compared with Norms.Length of Time Practicing Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi ProgramCorrelated with Younger Biological Age and Younger Functional Age, and Predictiveof Lower Systolic Blood Pressure and Auditory Threshold.
246. TOOMEY, M.; CHALMERS, R.; and CLEMENTS, G. The Transcendental Meditationand TM-Sidhi program and reversal of the ageing process: A longitudinalstudy. MERU Research Institute, Mentmore, Buckinghamshire, England, 1983.
Reversal of Biological Aging: Longitudinal Reduction in Biological Age;Younger Biological Age Compared with Norms. Length of Time Practicing TranscendentalMeditation and TM-Sidhi Program Correlated with Younger Biological Age andYounger Functional Age. Decreased Systolic Blood Pressure and Improved AuditoryThreshold.
247. BROWNE, G. E.; FOUGÉRE, D.; ROXBURGH, A.; BIRD, J.; and LOVELL-SMITH,H. D. Improved mental and physical health and decreased use of prescribedand non-prescribed drugs through the Transcendental Meditation program.Age of Enlightenment Medical Council, Christchurch, New Zealand; HeylenResearch Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; and Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, NewZealand, 1983.
Improvements in Physical and Mental Health Correlated with Duration andRegularity of Practice of Transcendental Meditation; Decreased Use of Alcohol;Decreased Use of Cigarettes; Decreased Drug Abuse; Decreased Need for Anti-Hypertensives,Drugs for Heart Disease, Sleep Medications, Tranquilizers, Anti-Depressants,Anti-Asthmatics, Anti-Histamines, Analgesics, and Drugs for Hypertension,Asthma, and Heart Disease.
E: Motor and Perceptual Ability
248. HOLT, W. R.; CARUSO, J. L.; and RILEY, J. B. Transcendental Meditationvs. pseudo-meditation on visual choice reaction time. Perceptual andMotor Skills 46: 726, 1978.
Improved Mind-Body Coordination: Faster Reactions (Visual Choice ReactionTime).
249. FRIEND, K. E., and MALISZEWSKI, M. More on the reliability of thekinesthetic after-effects measure and need for stimulation. Journal ofPersonality Assessment 42(4): 385-391, 1978.
Reduced Need for External Stimulation.
250. ANTES, M. The effects of the TM-Sidhi program on rigidity-flexibility.Diplomarbeit (abbr.), Department of Psychology, University of Saarland,Saarbrücken, W. Germany, 1978.
Increased Behavioral Flexibility as a Result of the TM-Sidhi Program:Increased Perceptual Flexibility; Increased Psychomotor Speed; IncreasedFunctional Efficiency of Psychomotor Co-ordination.
251. BANQUET, J. P., and LESEVRE, N. Event-related potentials in alteredstates of consciousness. Motivation, Motor and Sensory Processes of theBrain, Progress in Brain Research 54: 447-453, 1980.
Increased Vigilance and Improved Capacity for Selective Attention: FasterReactions with Fewer Mistakes (Visual Choice Reaction Time); Shorter Latencyand Larger Amplitude of Visual Evoked Potentials.
252. SCHWARTZ, E. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation programon strength of the nervous system, perceptual reactance, reaction time,and auditory threshold. Master's thesis (abstract), Department of ExerciseScience, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1979.
Increased Sensitivity, Strength, and Flexibility of the Nervous System;Improved Auditory Thresholds; Faster Reactions.
253. DILLBECK, M. C. Meditation and flexibility of visual perceptionand verbal problem solving. Memory and Cognition 10(3): 207-215,1982.
Improved Efficiency of Visual Perception; Increased Freedom from HabitualPatterns of Perception with Increased Ability to Use Such Patterns EffectivelyWhere Appropriate.
254. ROWE, K. C.; NEUSCHATZ, J. S.; and NIDICH, S. I. Effect of the TranscendentalMeditation and TM-Sidhi program on reaction time. State University of NewYork at New Paltz, New Paltz, New York, U.S.A.; Roger Williams College,Bristol, Rhode Island, U.S.A.; and Maharishi International University, Fairfield,Iowa, U.S.A. Paper presented at the meeting of the American PsychologicalAssociation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, September 1980.
Improved Mind-Body Coordination: Faster Reactions (Visual Choice ReactionTime).
255. ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; RAIMONDI, D.; VESELEY, B.; DILLBECK, M. C.;and WALLACE, R. K. The influence of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhiprogram on field independence: The growth of a stable internal frame ofreference. Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.,1981.
More Stable Internal Frame of Reference: Greater Field Independence.
256. HARDING, S. D. The effects of Transcendental Meditation on an auditorytemporal discrimination task. Department of Experimental Psychology, Universityof Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, England, 1981.
Improved Auditory Temporal Discrimination.
257. JEDRCZAK, A. The TM-Sidhi program and age-related psychologicalvariables. Department of Psychology, MERU Research Institute, Mentmore,Buckinghamshire, England, 1982.
Length of Time Practicing TM-Sidhi Program Predictive of Superior Performanceon Tests Measuring Age-Related Psychological Variables: Visual Memory; Creativity;Field Independence; Perceptual Speed; Motor Speed; Reaction Time; Non-VerbalIntelligence. Length of Time Practicing the TM-Sidhi Program Predictiveof Younger Functional Age.
258. JEDRCZAK, A. Psychological correlates of experiences of higher statesof consciousness in subjects practicing the Transcendental Meditation andTM-Sidhi program. Department of Psychology, MERU Research Institute, Mentmore,Buckinghamshire, England, 1982.
Experience of Higher States of Consciousness Positively Correlated withSuperior Performance on Tests Measuring Perceptual Speed, Flexibility, Creativity,Intelligence, Field Independence, and Psycho-Motor Speed.
259. JEDRCZAK, A. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programand field independence. Findings published in Perceptual and Motor Skills59: 999-100, 1984.
More Stable Internal Frame of Reference: Greater Field Independence.
A: Intelligence, Learning, and Academic Performance
260. TRAVIS, F. Creative thinking and the Transcendental Meditation technique.A version printed in The Journal of Creative Behavior 13(3): 169-180,1979.
Increased Creativity: Increased Figural Flexibility and Originality;Increased Verbal Fluency.
261. ARON, A.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and BRUBAKER, P. The TranscendentalMeditation program in the college curriculum: A 4-year longitudinal studyof effects on cognitive and affective functioning. College Student Journal15(2): 140-146, 1981.
Benefits for Students at Maharishi International University: IncreasedIntelligence; Increased Self-Confidence; Increased Sociability; ImprovedPsychological Health; Increased Social Maturity.
262. WOOD, M. F. The effectiveness of Transcendental Meditation as ameans of improving the echolalic behavior of an autistic student. Collegeof Exceptional Child Education, University of Central Florida, Orlando,Florida, U.S.A. Paper presented at the International Symposium on AutismResearch, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 14 July 1981.
Improved Echolalic Behavior in Autistic Student.
263. EYERMAN, J. Transcendental Meditation and mental retardation. Journalof Clinical Psychiatry 42(1): 35-36, 1981.
Improved Speech, Social Behavior, Intelligence, and Physiological Functioningin a Mentally Retarded Subject
264. DILLBECK, M. C., and SZAL, T. J. The Transcendental Meditation technique,working memory, and field independence in school-aged children. Departmentof Psychology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.,1981.
Improved Working Memory in School Children.
265. KOTCHABHAKDI, N. J.; PIPATVERAVAT, S.; KOTCHABHAKDI, N.; TAPANYA,P.; and PORNPATHKUL, S. Improvement of intelligence, learning ability andmoral judgment through the practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique.In Proceedings of the Second Asian Workshop on Child and Adolescent Development,Bangkok and Bangsaen, Thailand, 15-24 February 1982. Bangkok: Sri NakharinwirotUniversity.
Benefits for High School Students: Increased Intelligence Growth Rate;Improved Learning Ability; Improved Moral Judgement.
B: Development of Personality
266. HANLEY, C. P., and SPATES, J. L. Transcendental Meditation and socialpsychological attitudes. The Journal of Psychology 99: 121-127, 1978.
More Positive Conception of Human Nature; More Positive Self-lmage; HigherLevels of Tolerance; Greater Sociability; Less Pronounced Feelings of SocialInadequacy.
267. LJUNGGREN, G. Inflytandet av Transcendental Meditation pa neuroticism,medicinbruk och sömnproblem. Läkartidningen 74(47): 4212-4214,1977.
Decreased Neuroticism; Decreased Insomnia; Decreased Use of Tranquilizers.
268. HANDMACHER, B. H. Length of time spent in the practice of TranscendentalMeditation and sex differences related to intrapersonal and interpersonalorientation. Doctoral thesis (abbr.), College of Education and Departmentsof Psychology and Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,U.S.A., 1978. Dissertation Abstracts International, 39: 676A.
Less Anxiety; Less Depression; More Affectionate: More Tolerant; LessTendency to Dominate; Less Interested in Superficial Social Contacts; MoreSelective in Personal Relationships; Less Need for Acceptance; More Inner-Directed.
269. SANDAHL, F. P. The effect of the practice of TM on the degree ofneuroticism as measured by the defense mechanism test. National DefenseResearch Institute, Karlstad, Sweden, 1978.
Decreased Hidden Mental Turbulence: Decreased Neuroticism.
270. NIDICH, S. I., and NIDICH, R. The Transcendental Meditation andTM-Sidhi program and moral development. Department of Education, MaharishiInternational University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1983.
Enhanced Cognitive-Moral Development; Benefits of Transcendental MeditationFurther Enhanced by the TM-Sidhi Program.
271. HOLEMAN, R., and SEILER, G. Effects of sensitivity training andTranscendental Meditation on perception of others. Perceptual and MotorSkills 49: 270, 1979.
Improved Perception of Others.
272. FERGUSON, P. C. An integrative meta-analysis of psychological studiesinvestigating the treatment outcomes of meditation techniques. Doctoralthesis (abbr.), School of Education, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado,U.S.A., 1981.
Greater Beneficial Effect from Transcendental Meditation than from OtherMeditation and Relaxation Procedures as Indicated by Meta-Analysis.
273. KNIFFKI, C. Transcendental Meditation and autogenic training: Acomparison. Transzendentale Meditation und Autogenes Training--Ein Vergleichin the series 'Geist und Psyche'. Munich: Kindler Verlag, 1979.
Cumulative Benefits for Psychological Health: Decreased Nervousness;Decreased Depression; Decreased Emotional Instability; Decreased ManifestAnxiety.
274. TURNBULL, M. J., and NORRIS, H. Effects of Transcendental Meditationon self-identity indices and personality. British Journal of Psychology73: 57-68, 1982.
Stronger Self-ldentity.
275. NIDICH, S. I. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program onstate-trait anxiety. Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,U.S.A., 1982.
Decreased State and Trait Anxiety.
A: Rehabilitation
276. SHAFII, M.; LAVELY, R.; and JAFFE, R. Decrease in cigarette smokingfollowing Transcendental Meditation. University of Michigan Medical School,Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. Findings previously published in MERU Journal24: 29 (Abstract), 1976.
Decreased or Discontinued Use of Cigarettes.
277. GEISLER, M. Therapeutische Wirkungen der Transzendentalen Meditationauf Drogenkonsumenten. Zeitschrift für klinische Psychologie 7(4):235-255, 1978.
Decreased Drug Abuse; Decreased Nervousness (Decreased PsychosomaticDisturbance)4; Decreased Depression (Increased Contentment, Increased Self-Confidence);Increased Sociability (Increased Friendliness, Increased Liveliness); IncreasedPlacidity (Increased Self-Assuredness, Increased Good Humor, Decreased Tendencyto Procrastinate); Decreased Inhibition (Increases in: Naturalness, Spontaneity,Self-Sufficiency); Increased Extroversion (Increased Capacity for Warm InterpersonalRelationships); Decreased Neuroticism (Increased Emotional Stability, DecreasedTension); Increased Self-Reliance (Increased Effectiveness, More BalancedMood, Increased Vigor).
278. ABRAMS, A. I., and SIEGEL, L. M. The Transcendental Meditation programand rehabilitation at Folsom State Prison: A cross-validation study. CriminalJustice and Behavior 5 (1): 3-20, 1978.
Rehabilitation of Prisoners: Decreased Anxiety; Decreased Neuroticism,Decreased Resentment; Decreased Negativism; Decreased Irritability; DecreasedHostility; Decreased Prison Disciplinary Rule Infractions; Improved SleepPatterns (Decreased Time to Fall Asleep, Decreased Awakenings per Night,Improved Quality of Sleep).
279. ABRAMS, A. I., and SIEGEL, L. M. Transcendental Meditation and rehabilitationat Folsom Prison: Response to a critique. Criminal Justice and Behavior6(1): 13-21, 1979.
Verification of Results of Paper 278.
280. ABRAMS, A. I. A follow-up study of the effects of the TranscendentalMeditation program on inmates at Folsom Prison. Maharishi InternationalUniversity, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1982.
Rehabilitation of Prisoners: Sustained Reductions in Neuroticism, Anxiety,Hostility, and Use of Cigarettes; Improved Sleep Patterns (Decreased Timeto Fall Asleep, Decreased Awakenings per Night).
281. CARTER, R., and MEYER, J. E. The use of the Transcendental Meditation(TM) technique with severely disturbed psychiatric inpatients. Institutefor Social Rehabilitation, Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.,1979.
Benefits for Psychiatric In-Patients: Marked Improvements in Schizophrenia,Manic-Depressive Psychosis, and Severe Personality Disorders; DecreasedAnxiety and Tension.
282. NIDICH, S. I. The Science of Creative Intelligence and the TranscendentalMeditation program: Reduction of drug and alcohol consumption. Departmentof Education, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.Paper presented at the New England Educational Research Organization Conference,Lenox, Massachusetts, U.S.A., May 1980.
Decreased Use of Alcohol; Decreased Drug Abuse.
283. BIELEFELD, M. Transcendental Meditation: A stress reducing self-helpsupport system. In Vocational rehabilitation: Do psychologists really belong?Cleveland V.A. Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Paper presented atthe Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles,California, U.S.A., 24 August 1981.
Benefits for Patients with Psychiatric and Addictive Disorders in a VocationalRehabilitation Unit: Greater Ability to Maintain Employment on Discharge;More Frequently Maintained on Out-Patient Care Alone.
284. ALEXANDER, C. N., and MARKS, E. J. Ego development, personalityand behavioral change in inmates practicing the Transcendental Meditationtechnique or participating in other programs: A summary of cross-sectionaland longitudinal results. Doctoral thesis of first author (summary), Departmentof Psychology and Social Relations, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,U.S.A., 1982.
Rehabilitation of Prisoners: Greater Self-Development, Capacity for WarmInterpersonal Relationships, and Engagement in Private, Avocational Businesses;Lower Pathological Symptoms--Lower Psychopathic Deviation, Anxiety, Aggression,Tension, and Introversion; Growth toward Higher States of Consciousness;Longitudinal Increases in Self-Development and Decreases in Aggression,Anxiety, and Schizophrenic Symptoms.
285. ALEXANDER, C. N.; GRANT, J.; and STADTE, C. VON. The effects ofthe Transcendental Meditation technique on recidivism: A retrospective archivalanalysis. Doctoral thesis of first author (summary), Department of Psychologyand Social Relations, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,1982. Dissertation Abstracts International 43 (1982): 539B.
Rehabilitation of Prisoners: Lower Recidivism Rate; Fewer New Convictions.
286. BLEICK, C. R. Influence of the Transcendental Meditation programon criminal recidivism. Institute for Social Rehabilitation, Berkeley, California,U.S.A., 1982.
Rehabilitation of Prisoners: Lower Recidivism Rate; Higher Incidenceof Clean Records; Fewer New Convictions.
287. ARON, E. N., and ARON, A. The patterns of reduction of drug andalcohol use among Transcendental Meditation participants. Bulletin ofthe Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors 2(1): 28-33, 1983.
Decreased Use of Tobacco; Decreased Use of Alcohol; Decreased Use ofMarijuana.
288. ARON, A., and ARON, E. N. Rehabilitation of juvenile offenders throughthe Transcendental Meditation program: A controlled study. Paper presentedat the meeting of the Society of Police and Criminal Psychology, Nashville,Tennessee, October 28, 1982.
Rehabilitation of Juvenile Offenders: Decreased Anxiety.
A: Health
289. CLEMENTS, G., and CLEMENTS, D. M. The Transcendental Meditationand TM-Sidhi program and the reversal of ageing. Maharishi European ResearchUniversity, Seelisberg, Switzerland. Rheinweiler, W. Germany: MERU Press,1980.
Research findings on the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programare reviewed in the context of current knowledge of the aging process andthe usual physiological and psychological changes associated with aging.
290. BAUHOFER, U. Das Programm der Transzendentalen Meditation in derBehandlung von Adipositas. Maharishi European Research University, Seelisberg,Switzerland, 1983.
Treatment of Obesity: More Successful Weight Reduction; Improved PsychologicalHealth in Obese Subjects--Decreased Anxiety; Decreased Nervousness (DecreasedPsychosomatic Disturbance); Decreased Aggressiveness (Increased Self-Control,Increased Emotional Maturity); Decreased Depression (Increased Contentment,Increased Self-Confidence); Increased Sociability (Increased Friendliness,Increased Liveliness); lncreased Placidity (Increased Self-Assuredness,Increased Good Humor); Decreased Tendency to Dominate (Increased Respectfulness);Decreased Inhibition (Increases in Naturalness, Spontaneity, Self-Sufficiency);Increased Extroversion (Increased Capacity for Warm Interpersonal Relationships);Decreased Neuroticism (Increased Emotional Stability).